The specific process involves the triggering of an internal switch when the mouse is clicked, thereby changing the voltage state in the circuit.
The electronic circuit inside the mouse detects the voltage change, converts the analog signal into a digital signal; these digital signals are then encoded into data packets and transmitted to the computer via dedicated wires or Bluetooth.
The computer's operating system receives these binary data packets through the mouse driver program. The driver is responsible for parsing this data, recognizing the button press, and then informing the operating system, which further delegates the task to the CPU for scheduling...
But the foundation of convenience that ordinary people can enjoy is supported by quantum physics, semiconductor physics, electronics, and other towering giants.